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OF DICTATORSHIP TO DEMOCRACY. GENE SHARP






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Gene Sharp (born January 21, 1928) is known for his extensive work in defense of non-violence as a struggle against power.

Sharp is also a political scientist, professor and founder of the Albert Einstein Institution, a nonprofit organization that studies and promotes the use of nonviolent action to democratize the world.
[edit] The theory of Nonviolent Resistance

The best-known book by Gene Sharp, "The Politics of Nonviolent Action" (1973), provides a pragmatic political analysis of nonviolent action as a method of using power in a conflict.

Sharp The key argument is that power is not monolithic, meaning that derives not from an intrinsic quality of individuals who are in power. For Sharp, political power, the power of any state, irrespective of their internal structural organization, derived from individuals in the state. Their basic belief is that the whole power structure is based on the obedience of the subject to the orders of their leaders. Thus, if the subject does not obey, leaders have no power.

According to Sharp, all structures of power have effective systems by encouraging or extracting the obedience of individuals. States have a particularly complex systems to keep the subjects obedient. These systems include specific institutions (police, courts, regulatory agencies) but also can involve the cultural dimension that inspires obedience pretending to make the implicit idea that power is monolithic (the worship of God to the Egyptian pharaohs, the dignity of the presidential residence ethical and moral norms, and taboos). Through these systems, individuals are enfrentadoscon a system of sanctions (imprisonment, fines, ostracism) and rewards (titles, wealth, fame) that influences the extent of their obedience.

This is linked, ultimately, a non-violent resistance because it assumes that provides individuals with a window of opportunity to effect change within the state. Sharp cites the vision of Étienne de La Boétie, which he argued that if individuals of a particular state recognize that they are the source of power of the state could refuse their obedience and their leaders will be without that power.